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来源:彩神880819-04-01 17:48

  

乡村“守艺人”,巧手成就致富梦 ******

【一线讲述】

编者按

广袤山乡,有这样一群人:他们默默无闻,却靠着一双双巧手传承传统技艺、助力家乡发展。雕刻彩绘、造屋筑桥、器具制作、刺绣印染……有他们的地方,就有民俗风物之美,也有产业致富之路。他们,拥有一个朴实无华的名字——乡村工匠。

乡村“守艺人”,巧手成就致富梦

90后重庆小伙儿辜国强在组装花丝镶嵌作品“凤引九雏”。新华社发

乡村“守艺人”,巧手成就致富梦

在浙江湖州市八里店镇潞村,陶瓷艺人在瓷器上作画。新华社发

在日前召开的中央农村工作会议上,习近平总书记强调,“要坚持本土培养和外部引进相结合”“育好用好乡土人才”。此前,国家乡村振兴局、教育部等8部门联合印发的《关于推进乡村工匠培育工作的指导意见》,要求围绕巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、全面推进乡村振兴,挖掘培养一批乡村工匠,促进农民创业就业,为乡村全面振兴提供重要人才支撑。今天,让我们走近四位乡村工匠,观摩他们的“指尖绝活”,倾听他们的奋斗故事,感受他们传承技艺、惠泽一方的拳拳初心。

这里的琴声绕梁不息

讲述人:河南确山县农民制琴师王金堂

扛起锄头,我们是耕田种地的一把好手;拿起工具,我们是世界提琴制造业中响当当的“确山师傅”。全球90%以上的提琴来自中国,而中国提琴产量的40%左右,特别是中高档手工提琴产量的80%以上都出自我们确山人之手。

40多年前,16岁的我挤上火车一路向北,怀着“学门好手艺”的心气儿,去北京闯荡。几经周折,终于进了一家工艺美术厂当上临时工,跟着师傅学习制作工艺小提琴。一年后,老板看我笃实好学,就让我当上了车间负责人。后来,我又到一家提琴作坊当学徒。

提琴制作工艺复杂,有拼板、刮板、音孔音梁、刻头、装头、油漆、装配等多道工序,每道工序都要精益求精。比如,拼板时如果黏合不牢,就会影响后续每道工序;刮板的尺寸和弧度高低一定得精确,否则直接影响提琴音质。

经过两年多的学习、练手,我掌握了制琴的关键技术,也萌生了创业的念头。我白天打零工、卖煎饼,晚上继续钻研制琴,同时,动员在京打工的老乡一起干。1990年,我们终于和一家木材厂谈拢,合作办起了一家琴坊。打这以后,我的制琴生意越做越好,带出来的许多老乡也陆续建起了自己的琴坊。

“确山师傅”在北京干得风生水起,家乡一直很关注。不久后,确山县政府和在京确山籍老乡创办的提琴生产企业签了合作协议,我们整体迁入县产业集聚区“确山小提琴产业园”,为一个梦想而努力——把确山打造成全国知名的中高档提琴生产基地。

现如今,全县制琴及配套企业已经发展到144家,从业人员2600多人,产品包括小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音贝斯及配件等30多个系列、400多种型号,年产提琴约40万把,年产值6亿元左右,年出口创汇超过2000万美元。

从外出“打工潮”到返乡“创业潮”,我们认识到:要想产业长远发展,关键是不断壮大本土人才,让产业发展有源源不断的源头活水。

2020年1月,确山县手工提琴制作协会挂牌成立,吸纳了100多家会员,大家推选我担任协会会长。针对制琴人才短缺问题,我们制定了“5年计划”,划定了确山提琴行业标准,通过加强函授、培训,增强“确山琴师”的业务知识和文化素养。

我们这些“琴一代”,也有很多遗憾。几年前,在中国(上海)国际乐器展上,以色列乐器商人约瑟夫在他的摊位上用小提琴演奏《梁祝》,吸引了不少人驻足观望。现场有人请我也演奏一曲,我当时就蒙了,连连摆手:“我们只会制琴,不会拉琴。”现在,越来越多的“琴一代”让孩子学琴,县政府还出资聘请了专业提琴教师,在镇里和县里的中小学校开设提琴特色班。每年都有很多确山学子选择音乐类专业深造,学成后回乡支持提琴产业发展,让这座提琴小城充满了青春活力。

我们相信,确山的琴声定会悠扬致远、绕梁不息。

自贡彩灯,温暖千家万户

讲述人:四川自贡胡氏花灯传承人万玲

有华人的地方,就有灯会。近年来,自贡灯会被列入国家级非遗名录,成为中华文化“走出去”的一张闪亮名片。胡氏花灯,就是自贡彩灯大家庭中的一员。

乡村“守艺人”,巧手成就致富梦

四川自贡彩灯。光明日报记者周洪双摄/光明图片

彩神88

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

  (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)

[责编:天天中]
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